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June 22nd, 2025

6/22/2025

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Pay close attention to the task verbs used in the free-response questions. Each one directs you to complete a specific type of response. Here are the task verbs you’ll see on the exam:
  • Calculate: Perform mathematical steps to arrive at a final answer, including algebraic expressions, properly substituted numbers, and correct labeling of units and significant figures.
  • Construct/Draw: Create a diagram, graph, representation, or model that illustrates or explains relationships or phenomena. Labels may or may not be required.
  • Describe: Provide relevant characteristics of a specified topic.
  • Determine: Decide or conclude after reasoning, observation, or applying mathematical routines (calculations).
  • Evaluate: Judge or determine the significance or importance of information, or the quality or accuracy of a claim.
  • Explain: Provide information about how or why a relationship, process, pattern, position, situation, or outcome occurs, using evidence and/or reasoning to support or qualfiy a claim. Explain “how” typically requires analyzing the relationship, process, pattern, position, situation, or outcome; whereas, explain “why” typically requires analysis of motivations or reasons for the relationship, process, pattern, position, situation, or outcome.
  • Identify: Indicate or provide information about a specified topic, without elaboration or explanation.
  • Justify: Provide evidence to support, qualify, or defend a claim, and/or provide reasoning to explain how that evidence supports or qualifies the claim.
  • Make a claim: Make an assertion that is based on evidence or knowledge.
  • Predict/Make a prediction: Predict the causes or effects of a change in, or disruption to, one or more components in a relationship, pattern, process, or system.
  • Represent: Use appropriate graphs, symbols, words, illustrations, and/or tables of numerical values to describe biological concepts, characteristics, and/or relationships
  • State (the null/alternative hypothesis): Indicate or provide a hypothesis to support or defend a claim about a scientifically testable question.
  • Support a claim: Provide reasoning to explain how evidence supports or qualifies a claim.
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AP Exams Calculator Policy

1/10/2025

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Q: Can I use a calculator on the AP Biology exam?
A: Yes, you can use a 4-function, scientific, or graphing calculator. And beginning in 2025, there will be a Desmos graphing calculator available in the Bluebook testing app.


Important things to know:

  • Only certain types and brands of calculators are allowed. Scroll down this page to see the list of approved handheld graphing calculators and the list of unapproved calculators. The proctor will check all calculators before the exam starts.
  • 4-function calculators are basic calculators that have functions limited to addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, square roots, and percentage.
  • Update for the 2025 AP Exams: For all exams that allow or require calculators, except AP Statistics, you can use the built-in Desmos graphing calculator through the Bluebook testing application. Note that for Calculus AB, Calculus BC, and Precalculus, Desmos will only be available in the calculator-required parts of the exam. These exams continue to have parts where no calculator is allowed.
  • You can bring up to 2 permitted calculators to the exam. Be sure to bring calculators that you’re familiar with and that are in good working order.
  • You don’t need to clear your calculators’ memories before or after the exam.
Here is a list of what you can't use:
  • Phones, smartwatches, or wearable technology of any kind
  • Models with QWERTY (i.e., typewriter-like) keypads as part of hardware or software (e.g., TI-92 Plus, Voyage 200)
  • Models with pen-input/stylus capability (e.g., Palm, PDAs, Casio ClassPad)
  • Models with wireless, Bluetooth, or cellular capability
  • Models that require an electrical outlet, “talk”** or make noise, or have a paper tape
  • Models that can access the internet
  • Models that have cell phone capability or audio/video recording or playing capability
  • Models that have a camera, scanning capability, or any other smartphone-type features
  • Models with touch-screen capability that aren’t on the list of approved graphing calculators (e.g., Casio ClassPad)
  • Hardware peripherals such as a stylus, keyboard, or wireless adapter with an approved calculator
**Unless approved by the College Board SSD Office as an accommodation.

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AP Biology Formula Sheet

1/9/2025

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DNA: The Double Helix

12/12/2024

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Unit 5 Lesson 3

11/14/2024

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In this lesson, we continue to explore the inheritance of genetic traits by learning more about the process of meiosis. View the video from 7:00-10:05 to learn about how the process of crossing over occurs.
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Fermentation is behind a lot of the food you eat

11/12/2024

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Fermentation is included in topic 3.6 Cellular Respiration of the Course and Exam Description. 

From NPR: In this episode, you're invited to the fermentation party! Join us as we learn about the funk-filled process behind making sauerkraut, sourdough and sour beer. Plus, no fermentation episode is complete without a lil history of our boy, yeast.
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Storyline Units: An Instructional Model to Support Coherence from the Students’ Perspective

10/28/2024

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Hey Storyliners!
I wanted to share this journal article as a lead-in to the next unit I'll be covering with my AP Biology students. Even after writing storyline units for AP Bio, I still have a lot to learn. This article by Reiser et al. is one that I've been meaning to look at in more depth. I'll be posting ideas about the strategies, activities and student work that I'm incorporating into Unit 4 to shift my teaching to more fully align with the framework of a storylining approach. Unit 4 can be a very challenging unit, so I'm using a phenomena this year that I hope will help to make the unit more coherent for students. I've shared this article with a group of teachers dedicated to implementing storylines in their classrooms and have asked for their feedback about some of the key ideas presented in the paper. 


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What Killed Bruce Lee?

10/23/2024

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Bruce Lee became an international movie icon after starring in martial arts film including the iconic Enter The Dragon. He died in 1973 due to cerebral edema. A 2022 article proposed a hypothesis that Lee died because of hyponatremia. 
During Unit 2 - Too Much of a Good Thing?, students will perform an experiment to investigate the process of osmosis and explore how different concentrations of salt water can affect biological tissues.
Read the paper about how hyponatremia may have caused Bruce Lee's Death.
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If the amount of carbon dioxide available to the plant approaches zero, what will happen to the plant's rate of photosynthesis?

10/19/2024

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Answer: The rate of photosynthesis will decrease as the amount of CO2 decreases.

Explanation: Plants need three things to carry out photosynthesis: water, carbon dioxide and light.

6CO₂+6H₂O+light→C₆H₁₂O₆+ 6O₂

It's like making sandwiches. The carbon dioxide is like bread, the water is like lunch meat and the products of photosynthesis (glucose, oxygen) are like a sandwich. It doesn't matter if you have loads of lunch meat - if you don't have any bread, you can't make any sandwiches!

Here is a video which discusses an experiment which tests the impact of varying carbon dioxide levels on the rate of photosynthesis.


Hope this helps!
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Question: Is is true that some genes do not code for proteins?

10/17/2024

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Yes!
Explanation: Many sources say that genes are regions of DNA which store information used to code for proteins. While it is true that many genes store information used to code for proteins, it is not true that all genes store information used to build proteins.
The modern definition of gene is a region of DNA which is transcribed. This includes genes in the tRNA and rRNA families. These DNA regions are transcribed to produce molecules of transfer RNA and ribosomal DNA.
The three domain classification system (eukaryota, bacteria and archaea) proposed by Carl Woese in 1977 is based upon sequence data of rRNA genes.
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This video provides a review of how information in a gene that codes for a protein is retrieved and used by cells.
Hope this helps!

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    Noel Pauller

    I'll be posting about lessons, labs, and the storyline units I wrote for AP Biology. Thank you for visiting! I hope you found it helpful. 

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  • AP® BIO
    • AP® BIO Storylines
    • Lab Hamster For Teachers
    • AP Biology Exam
    • Materials List-AP Bio Storylines
  • Unit 1
  • Unit 2
  • Unit 3
  • Unit 4
  • Unit 5
    • Fly Lab JS
  • Unit 6
  • Unit 7
  • Unit 8
  • Unit 9
  • OTHER
    • Presentations
    • BLOG >
      • Video Quiz Test
    • NGSS
    • CHEMISTRY
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    • CONTACT
    • An Alternate Photosynthesis Lab for AP Biology
  • SUPPORT